The Elusive Saola: Asia’s Rare “Unicorn” and Its Conservation
- vidyarthee2021
- 12 minutes ago
- 2 min read
The Saola, often referred to as the "Asian Unicorn", has become a symbol of elusive biodiversity. In a significant development, international scientists have recently mapped the genome of this critically endangered species — a step seen as crucial for its conservation and possible revival.
What is the Saola?
Habitat: Inhabits the misty evergreen forests of the Annamite Mountains, which run along the Vietnam–Laos border.
Appearance:
Possesses two long, straight, parallel horns (about 20 inches) seen in both males and females.
Its facial white markings and prominent muzzle glands are likely used for marking territory or attracting mates.
Though it resembles an antelope, the Saola is more closely related to cattle (bovids).
Conservation Status and Threats
Listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
Major threats include:
Habitat fragmentation due to logging and infrastructure.
Poaching and snaring — although Saolas are not directly targeted, they often fall victim to indiscriminate traps set for other wildlife.
Importance of Genome Mapping
By sequencing the genome of the Saola, researchers hope to:
Understand its genetic diversity and vulnerabilities.
Develop conservation strategies, including possible captive breeding programs.
Genome mapping opens the door to restorative genetic science, especially for a species with very few sightings and no verified individuals in captivity.
Why It Matters for UPSC Aspirants
Relevant for GS Paper 3: Environment and Biodiversity.
Highlights topics like biodiversity loss, species conservation, and international cooperation in science and conservation.
Encourages awareness about lesser-known endangered species beyond the tiger and elephant.
UPSC Prelims Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Saola:
It is found only in the forests of the Indian subcontinent.
It is more closely related to cattle than to deer or antelope.
The IUCN status of Saola is 'Endangered'.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 2 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 2 only
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect – Saola is native to the Annamite Mountains (Vietnam–Laos), not the Indian subcontinent.
Statement 2 is correct – Though antelope-like, it is a relative of cattle.
Statement 3 is incorrect – Saola is listed as Critically Endangered, not just 'Endangered'.
UPSC Mains Question
Despite being one of the rarest large mammals, the Saola receives limited conservation attention. Discuss the challenges in conserving such elusive species and the potential of genomic research in biodiversity preservation. (GS Paper 3)
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